A makeshift triage center has been set up on the grounds of the Stanislaus Wildlife Care Center in nearbyHughson, just a few hundred feet from the Tuolumne River.
Executive director Donna Burt and her team, working under a pop-up canopy to fight the glaring sun on Friday afternoon, Aug. 25, were waiting for California Department of Fish and Wildlife personnel to deliver birds from Kings County that are afflicted with avian botulism.
“Fortunately, botulism has a quick turnaround time,” said Veronica Sandow, an SWCC animal care manager. “We need to give the birds fluids three or four times a day. We’ll know very soon if they’re going to make it.”
At about 12:30 p.m., the CDFW volunteers arrived and unloaded a bevy of blue cardboard boxes that form a handle at the top when closed. Each box was labeled and came with matching paperwork, and a very sick bird — sometimes two — inside.
“A lot of these facilities that we have in California are not ready for such high levels of quarantine, and having to separate each and every single waterfowl patient that comes through,” said Sandow. “It’s a pretty difficult task for a string of facilities that are funded by the public; just donations. So, everyone’s doing the best they can and we are the largest facility that had room to properly quarantine these birds and triage them.”
Nearly 50 birds — medium and large shore birds, such as ibises, dowagers, and various types of ducks — were transported from the Tulare Lake region. A member of the team carefully removed each bird and assessed its overall condition.
The first bird’s eyes were closed — a bad sign — and the inside of its mouth was red, instead of pink. There was a tackiness to its saliva, an indication of dehydration. Some birds were unable to stand due to the toxin in their system that has caused paralysis. It’s that paralysis that could rob the birds of the ability to swim or flee from predators.
“We care for about 2,000 animals a year,” said Burt. “And that’s without incidents like this one.”
The California Department of Fish and Wildlife has monitored the botulism outbreak, with the number of sick and dying birds increasing as the summer has progressed. This trend is likely to continue until the weather cools in the fall.
“We don’t usually care for large numbers of shorebirds, so this will be a challenge,” added Burt. “We currently have about 450 patients in care. Adding 50 birds in one day will be difficult. And we can expect more in the coming weeks. Fortunately, most birds with avian botulism recover in a few days and can be released.”
Tulare Lake was once the largest freshwater lake west of the Mississippi River, according to Smithsonian Magazine. However, settlers drained the lake in the 1800s for agricultural purposes. The lake reappears during unusually high levels of rainfall or snow melt, as it did after floods in 1969, 1983, 1997 … and 2023.
Avian botulism is caused by clostridium botulinum, a bacteria found in the soil. The bacteria release a toxin that causes paralysis in birds. If caught early enough, birds can recover with fluids, food, and warmth. Once birds clear the toxin from their system, they can recover without ill effects and be released into unaffected areas.
Outbreaks commonly occur when normally dry, grassy areas are inundated with water, as was the case this past winter.
Once the water warms, vegetation begins to rot, which in turn allows bacteria to thrive.
The Stanislaus Wildlife Care Center, 1220 Geer Road in Hughson, is in need of volunteers, donations and personal protection equipment. To find out how you can help, visit StanislausWildlife.org, where you can also find a link to the SWCC’s Amazon wish list.
